Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.54
11.23
14.72
19.89
Population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.3
2.9
2.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
118.5
118.5
118.5
118.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
101.2
119.1
156.1
211.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
50.7
50.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
58.5
68.4
70.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.57
2.58
9.57
12.13
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
270
230
650
610
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
6.41
10.97
21.38
33.37
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
670
980
1,450
1,680
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
3.9
5.5
7.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
43
45
56
63
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.8
6.0
5.3
3.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
157
155
142
118
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
13
31
46
66
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
55
56
71
96
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
243
173
83
41
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
24.4
21.5
13.9
12.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
81
73
93
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
30
67
69
70
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
70.7
145.6
136.0
127.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
17
31
35
35
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
8.3
14.6
10.6
7.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
35.0
30.8
26.6
22.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
22.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
7.7
8.4
8.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.7
2.9
3.6
4.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.74
2.54
10.13
12.58
GDP growth (annual %)
5.7
1.6
6.9
2.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.7
30.5
12.1
9.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
32
30
25
23
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
19
18
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
11.7
12.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
-6.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
43
36
37
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
13.5
8.6
8.9
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
10.6
11.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.3
0.7
0.7
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.4
21.2
60.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.3
26.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
36
32
32
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
138
93
91
90
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
1,558
2,716
1,021
3,198
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
29.3
13.5
1.7
7.1
Net migration (thousands)
71
-29
-9
-2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
1
22
319
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
23
26
97
129
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
500.4
448.1
1,016.8
1,178.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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