Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.06
1.19
1.25
1.27
Population growth (annual %)
0.7
1.0
0.2
0.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
521.6
584.7
616.0
634.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
7.9
8.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
1.1
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.61
4.69
10.26
13.80
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,460
3,960
8,210
10,900
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
5.25
10.79
19.74
32.11
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,960
9,090
15,790
25,360
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.0
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
72
73
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
44
38
31
21
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
75
76
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
91
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
23
19
15
16
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
76
84
99
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
101
101
100
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
104.0
103.1
100.6
99.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
53
74
87
90
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
20.6
22.2
23.2
22.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.0
0.5
-0.1
-0.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
629
851
1,051
1,072
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
671
1,363
1,995
2,212
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.69
4.73
10.14
11.62
GDP growth (annual %)
7.2
8.2
4.4
3.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.6
3.4
1.0
3.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
11
6
4
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
26
22
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
64
60
50
61
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
71
60
61
74
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
26
27
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
22.2
20.2
21.8
21.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.3
-1.0
-2.3
-12.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
141.0
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
19.4
16.7
17.8
18.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.2
14.8
92.8
154.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
7.3
28.3
71.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
105
77
66
61
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
85
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
932
967
7,929
14,700
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
8.5
17.0
21.7
19.5
Net migration (thousands)
-2
-2
-3
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
177
1
272
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
41
266
430
261
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
88.3
20.8
125.9
294.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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