Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.95
2.61
3.39
4.73
Population growth (annual %)
2.5
2.8
3.2
2.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,030.7
1,030.7
1,030.7
1,030.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
1.9
2.5
3.3
4.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
31.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
42.9
21.5
11.9
5.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.48
1.91
5.25
8.59
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
760
730
1,550
1,810
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
3.91
6.07
10.64
27.20
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,000
2,320
3,140
5,740
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.2
6.2
6.7
7.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
60
61
63
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.1
5.5
5.0
4.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
118
90
102
92
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
4
8
11
14
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
40
53
65
70
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
116
98
56
41
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
29.7
24.4
14.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
38
46
67
75
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
28
44
66
66
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
45.6
79.8
97.2
86.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
13
18
20
36
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.8
4.2
3.7
3.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
1.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
404.3
399.8
337.1
337.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.2
2.5
5.1
4.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.51
1.78
5.63
9.22
GDP growth (annual %)
-1.8
-3.9
2.6
0.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.6
6.4
22.3
7.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
22
25
17
19
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
30
38
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
26
46
40
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
42
33
48
48
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
11
32
41
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
82
19
6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.8
2.9
3.1
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.6
81.2
141.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
4.0
43.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
57
45
71
77
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
75
77
135
152
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,109
2,345
3,556
4,814
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
30.7
27.8
4.9
12.4
Net migration (thousands)
-3
-3
1
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
14
2
0
13
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
7
0
17
1,070
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
236.2
223.6
373.6
429.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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