Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
13.09
18.13
23.00
31.71
Population growth (annual %)
1.4
2.2
2.7
3.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
799.4
799.4
799.4
799.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
16.7
23.1
29.2
40.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
60.3
58.7
62.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
87.6
81.1
82.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.22
5.95
12.63
15.59
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
230
330
550
490
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
4.09
8.28
22.28
45.23
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
310
460
970
1,430
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
5.5
5.3
4.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
44
49
55
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.3
5.8
5.7
4.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
165
169
162
157
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
17
12
26
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
48
54
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
233
163
95
66
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
24.5
15.6
15.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
59
71
82
62
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
30
17
60
73
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
71.6
76.6
117.3
116.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
7
6
26
34
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.7
8.6
11.8
11.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
433.8
411.9
389.7
365.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
10.5
18.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
7.4
2.8
4.3
4.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
444
396
318
353
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
42
123
466
406
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.85
5.93
11.41
16.17
GDP growth (annual %)
1.0
0.8
6.7
2.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
37.8
11.6
7.6
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
34
19
27
27
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
18
20
17
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
8
11
29
40
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
41
37
44
72
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
32
41
23
40
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
15.9
25.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-3.1
-2.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
14.3
22.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.9
1.3
0.9
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.3
31.3
42.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
4.2
16.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
25
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
28
26
67
89
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
199
114
115
129
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
4,601
6,616
11,231
62,668
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
26.2
14.5
7.0
105.0
Net migration (thousands)
-127
-104
-97
-23
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
70
37
116
739
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
9
139
1,258
5,295
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
997.5
907.4
1,943.1
2,282.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
Loading
Loading...

Loading...