Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.10
2.39
2.74
3.38
Population growth (annual %)
-1.2
1.3
1.7
1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,564.1
1,564.1
1,564.1
1,564.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
27.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
18.7
3.5
0.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.13
1.12
5.44
12.47
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,490
470
1,990
3,690
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
7.18
8.89
18.96
42.75
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,420
3,720
6,920
12,630
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.5
7.8
8.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
59
63
69
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.5
2.2
2.4
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
36
28
22
22
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
67
55
48
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
97
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
106
63
26
14
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
11.8
11.6
3.3
1.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
92
92
97
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
87
..
84
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.1
99.8
121.8
92.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
88
62
91
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
143.5
142.6
141.8
141.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
13.8
19.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
-1.2
1.5
2.4
3.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,665
1,002
1,440
1,945
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,550
1,058
1,478
2,427
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.56
1.14
7.19
15.29
GDP growth (annual %)
-3.2
1.1
6.4
1.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
23.2
12.0
39.2
14.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
12
27
12
13
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
41
22
33
37
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
54
47
59
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
40
68
57
61
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
29
29
42
37
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
15.4
24.4
29.0
29.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.5
0.2
2.6
-5.9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
11.1
13.9
19.6
16.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.3
2.0
0.8
0.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
6.3
92.9
140.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.3
10.2
81.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
16
22
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
62
101
86
105
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
66
137
134
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
355
960
5,928
34,963
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
17.3
6.6
7.0
29.0
Net migration (thousands)
-12
-11
-6
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
1
266
471
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
11
54
1,691
2,173
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
13.1
185.6
255.8
283.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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