Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
39.82
45.29
49.02
53.39
Population growth (annual %)
1.5
1.1
0.7
0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
676.6
676.6
676.6
676.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
60.9
69.3
75.0
81.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
42.2
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.02
8.82
42.92
66.04
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
50
190
880
1,240
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
17.41
42.95
164.10
272.10
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
440
950
3,350
5,100
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
57
60
63
66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.5
2.8
2.3
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
50
40
35
34
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
17
33
41
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
46
57
71
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
115
89
62
41
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
32.5
30.0
22.6
19.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
68
84
88
44
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
81
94
105
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.1
101.4
109.5
120.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
21
39
51
77
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.6
0.9
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
392.2
348.7
314.4
282.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
4.1
3.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.8
1.2
1.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
270
300
295
392
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
46
80
133
423
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.12
8.91
49.54
66.35
GDP growth (annual %)
2.8
13.7
9.6
-12.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
18.5
2.5
7.0
19.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
57
37
23
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
10
26
37
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
10.5
5.3
19.7
14.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-2.7
1.6
-3.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
6.2
3.0
4.5
6.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.4
2.3
4.1
4.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
1.2
127.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.3
45.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
28
45
27
44
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
94
117
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
5,328
6,482
9,990
13,757
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
18.8
1.0
3.1
7.1
Net migration (thousands)
-41
-107
-116
-35
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
6
102
115
2,553
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
161
255
901
2,067
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
154.6
105.6
354.7
1,507.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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