Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.18
11.56
15.95
22.39
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
2.9
3.2
3.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,240.2
1,240.2
1,240.2
1,240.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
7.5
9.5
13.1
18.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
50.9
45.4
44.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
57.2
48.2
20.8
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.44
3.11
10.48
17.98
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
270
270
660
800
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
6.76
12.28
25.85
50.14
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
740
1,060
1,620
2,240
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.3
8.0
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
47
51
56
59
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.3
6.9
6.6
5.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
157
174
170
142
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
5
8
10
17
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
26
41
28
67
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
231
188
134
97
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
27.3
30.0
18.9
17.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
43
49
78
72
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
9
29
56
50
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
25.4
54.5
80.4
72.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
6
16
38
40
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.0
1.7
1.3
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
133.0
133.0
133.0
133.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
9.1
7.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.6
8.0
8.6
8.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.8
5.4
5.5
4.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.68
2.96
10.69
19.31
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.5
-0.1
5.3
3.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.6
-0.6
4.4
3.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
37
33
33
35
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
16
22
23
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
16
22
23
28
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
33
35
39
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
19
17
24
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
11.0
15.2
15.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-2.8
-2.2
-4.1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
10.8
12.9
14.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.5
1.4
3.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
47.9
111.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.0
34.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
46
51
58
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
87
65
108
124
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,468
2,981
2,439
6,375
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
15.3
14.1
2.7
5.3
Net migration (thousands)
-69
-17
-34
-22
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
107
73
473
1,131
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
60
372
640
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
479.2
288.0
1,091.5
1,437.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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