Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.18
11.56
15.95
22.39
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
2.9
3.2
3.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,240.2
1,240.2
1,240.2
1,240.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
7.5
9.5
13.1
18.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
50.9
45.4
45.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
68.6
63.3
36.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.47
3.20
12.99
21.58
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
270
280
810
960
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
7.20
13.05
32.24
60.36
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
780
1,130
2,020
2,700
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.3
8.0
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
47
51
56
59
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.3
6.9
6.6
5.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
157
174
170
142
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
5
8
10
17
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
26
41
28
67
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
231
188
134
97
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
27.3
30.0
18.9
17.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
43
49
78
72
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
9
28
54
48
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
24.7
52.9
78.3
72.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
6
16
37
39
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.0
1.7
1.3
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
133.0
133.0
133.0
133.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
9.1
7.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.6
8.0
8.6
8.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.2
4.6
5.3
5.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.25
3.52
12.71
23.00
GDP growth (annual %)
-5.3
-0.7
5.6
3.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.6
0.1
4.2
3.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
37
27
26
32
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
11
16
24
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
18
19
23
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
26
30
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
18
23
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
9.3
12.8
12.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-2.3
-1.9
-3.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
9.1
10.8
12.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.5
1.4
3.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
46.7
108.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.0
34.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
14
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
38
43
48
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
87
65
106
124
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,468
2,981
2,439
6,380
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
15.3
14.1
2.7
5.3
Net migration (thousands)
-69
-17
-34
-22
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
107
73
473
1,131
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
60
372
640
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
479.2
288.0
935.5
1,439.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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