Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
81.72
97.87
112.53
126.71
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
1.6
1.3
0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,964.4
1,964.4
1,964.4
1,964.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
42.0
50.3
57.9
65.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
36.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
8.7
10.7
4.7
1.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
233.73
648.09
1,075.98
1,256.69
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,860
6,620
9,560
9,920
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
692.47
1,130.85
1,787.70
2,608.64
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,470
11,550
15,890
20,590
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.3
3.4
4.6
5.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
74
74
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.5
2.7
2.3
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
82
74
75
54
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
63
75
73
73
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
84
89
95
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
45
28
19
13
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
9.6
4.2
2.8
4.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
75
96
95
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
92
97
100
103
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
115.7
109.1
111.0
103.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
57
71
87
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
705.9
683.8
669.4
655.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
18.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
15.2
16.7
19.5
22.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
2.0
1.7
0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,513
1,533
1,553
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,217
1,819
2,047
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
261.25
742.06
1,105.42
1,313.07
GDP growth (annual %)
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
28.1
10.7
4.4
4.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
3
3
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
34
33
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
24
29
41
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
26
30
43
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
23
22
23
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.6
10.0
15.1
16.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.3
-0.1
-4.0
-3.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
8
8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
26.7
41.8
60.7
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
11.6
9.1
9.7
13.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
14.4
81.2
99.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
5.1
31.1
75.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
22
20
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
47
55
77
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
109
107
119
97
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
104,604
178,114
306,835
594,284
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
21.8
31.9
9.6
14.6
Net migration (thousands)
-287
-356
-41
-53
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
3,098
7,525
22,768
55,067
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,634
18,382
30,525
35,405
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
178.3
-40.5
454.7
563.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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