Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.98
2.92
2.86
2.60
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
33.8
33.8
33.9
33.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
103.8
101.8
99.8
90.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
24.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
31.1
0.4
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.34
1.42
6.80
13.68
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
790
490
2,380
5,270
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
20.64
9.28
19.43
41.50
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,930
3,170
6,790
15,990
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.9
8.1
10.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
67
70
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
58
42
31
25
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
62
59
56
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
98
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
34
31
17
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
2.2
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
73
89
97
83
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
104
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
..
106.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
97
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
4.2
11.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
121.2
85.9
52.5
52.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.1
-1.1
-0.2
-1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,322
986
1,302
1,612
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,016
2,039
1,918
2,401
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.59
1.29
6.97
13.69
GDP growth (annual %)
-16.0
2.1
7.1
13.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
139.8
27.3
33.3
6.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
25
11
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
19
20
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
50
28
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
77
60
58
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
24
24
27
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
24.5
26.3
28.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-1.5
-2.1
-1.9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
30.3
29.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
14.7
15.2
18.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
3.3
69.3
127.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.3
29.7
74.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
10
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
48
97
77
75
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
138
104
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
39
1,842
4,725
9,035
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
22.5
14.5
13.7
Net migration (thousands)
-30
-44
-84
-33
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
178
1,753
2,119
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
17
128
297
386
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
122.7
473.0
596.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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