Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
24.38
28.42
32.47
36.95
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
446.6
446.6
446.6
446.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
54.6
63.7
72.7
82.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
15.3
4.8
3.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
11.2
16.8
3.7
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
28.94
45.24
104.72
136.32
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,180
1,580
3,190
3,630
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
66.44
110.78
222.30
319.02
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,710
3,860
6,760
8,500
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.6
6.5
6.7
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
62
67
71
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.1
2.8
2.6
2.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
45
36
32
26
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
42
58
67
71
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
31
46
74
87
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
81
52
31
18
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.1
9.8
2.9
3.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
79
93
98
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
50
59
82
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
66.6
93.8
107.2
112.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
37
40
63
81
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
54.9
55.1
56.7
57.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
1.7
1.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
34.4
43.4
36.5
36.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.3
2.0
2.3
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
313
388
526
616
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
366
496
733
950
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
30.18
43.02
100.87
142.02
GDP growth (annual %)
3.4
2.6
3.5
8.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.7
-1.8
0.6
2.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
15
11
12
12
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
28
24
24
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
24
30
33
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
30
29
40
42
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
31
24
31
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
21.1
20.6
24.6
24.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.1
-2.0
-3.7
-6.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
110.4
144.1
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.7
17.9
21.1
19.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.1
2.7
3.4
3.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
8.2
98.5
138.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.7
52.0
88.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
4
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
37
44
53
66
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
72
85
89
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
25,027
20,810
27,348
65,687
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
28.4
29.7
11.9
13.8
Net migration (thousands)
-98
-68
-71
-48
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,006
2,161
6,423
10,906
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
165
427
1,241
2,264
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,241.1
447.4
971.1
995.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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