Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.66
2.37
2.10
1.88
Population growth (annual %)
-0.1
-1.0
-2.1
-0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
64.6
64.6
64.6
64.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
42.0
38.0
33.7
30.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
19.0
22.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
1.5
2.6
0.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
7.66
25.70
36.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
3,240
12,250
19,310
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
20.17
18.56
34.70
68.26
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
7,580
7,840
16,540
36,220
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.6
7.1
6.2
7.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
70
73
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
49
20
18
10
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
99
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
14
8
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
0.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
95
97
95
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
100
102
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
103.4
103.0
99.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
93
103
106
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
31.9
32.4
33.7
34.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
17.8
17.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1.7
1.6
1.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
-0.3
-1.1
-2.1
-0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,963
1,619
2,149
2,376
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,397
2,082
3,230
3,838
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
7.76
23.47
38.18
GDP growth (annual %)
-12.6
5.8
-3.7
6.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
162.6
3.8
-0.5
3.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
5
4
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
24
21
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
38
54
67
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
46
56
70
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
25
21
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
28.2
27.3
30.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-2.5
-8.4
-6.9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
14.9
14.2
16.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.7
0.9
1.1
2.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
16.9
109.9
114.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.3
68.4
91.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
17
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
65
90
119
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
102
103
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-13
-16
-36
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
252
1,257
1,317
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
31
324
475
3,734
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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