Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.70
3.50
3.10
2.80
Population growth (annual %)
0.4
-0.7
-2.1
0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
59.0
55.8
49.4
44.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
19.2
20.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
1.5
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
11.23
39.02
61.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
3,210
12,600
21,910
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
30.51
29.03
61.83
123.37
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,250
8,300
19,960
44,050
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
6.5
7.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
72
73
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
42
24
15
7
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
69
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
15
11
6
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
1.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
89
97
96
88
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
102
99
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
89.1
103.1
100.4
101.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
94
97
105
109
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
19.6
20.2
21.7
22.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
17.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
19.6
6.7
1.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.3
-0.8
-2.2
0.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,344
2,038
2,276
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,023
2,517
3,471
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
11.55
36.64
67.04
GDP growth (annual %)
-5.7
3.4
0.4
6.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
228.3
1.3
2.1
6.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
6
3
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
27
26
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
39
65
80
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
45
67
75
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
19
18
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
28.7
34.5
30.6
33.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
3.0
-3.1
-7.1
-1.3
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
26
22
6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.3
20.3
16.2
21.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.8
1.2
0.9
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
14.6
155.8
133.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.4
62.1
86.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
11
12
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
80
121
127
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
99
96
98
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-9
-16
-79
20
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
0
50
1,673
778
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
30
380
1,103
2,508
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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