Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.81
2.00
2.00
2.26
Population growth (annual %)
1.9
0.0
0.8
1.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
30.4
30.4
30.4
30.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
59.6
66.0
65.8
74.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
56.6
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
66.3
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.93
1.19
2.54
2.70
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
510
590
1,270
1,190
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
2.22
3.25
5.52
6.71
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,230
1,620
2,770
2,970
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
3.3
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
59
48
46
53
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.8
3.7
3.2
3.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
89
78
84
73
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
30
47
65
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
61
48
62
87
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
85
111
91
74
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
13.8
..
13.4
10.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
80
74
88
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
55
58
80
83
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.9
112.4
118.2
90.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
23
30
53
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
2.2
21.8
24.4
20.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
0.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
10
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.60
0.89
2.23
2.41
GDP growth (annual %)
6.0
3.9
5.3
2.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
12.0
6.3
5.3
3.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
12
8
5
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
21
35
31
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
42
46
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
108
93
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
31
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
34.5
29.4
41.3
37.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
10.7
-1.0
-3.1
-4.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
138
39
15
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
27.8
22.9
30.3
31.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.6
3.3
3.2
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.1
48.8
79.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
3.9
43.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
123
116
142
114
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
117
117
91
78
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
396
770
788
1,833
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.2
7.5
2.1
5.9
Net migration (thousands)
-12
-26
-6
-3
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
999
478
610
474
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
16
32
10
-12
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
139.1
37.2
256.0
179.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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