Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
16.35
19.29
20.88
22.16
Population growth (annual %)
0.6
1.8
0.6
1.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
260.8
307.7
332.9
358.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
46.8
28.4
14.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
11.6
11.0
3.5
1.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
8.05
16.41
49.28
88.97
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
490
850
2,360
4,020
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
41.09
83.00
170.10
310.06
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,510
4,300
8,150
13,990
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.7
7.0
7.8
7.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
71
74
76
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
30
30
22
15
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
66
70
68
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
94
96
99
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
23
16
11
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
29.1
22.9
21.6
12.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
80
99
99
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
94
104
97
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
108.8
104.4
97.8
96.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
84
..
94
91
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
23.5
21.7
21.0
21.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
2.5
3.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
18.5
24.6
24.5
24.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.6
1.7
0.5
1.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
337
432
467
527
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
160
287
446
714
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
8.03
16.33
58.64
88.61
GDP growth (annual %)
6.4
6.0
8.0
4.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
20.1
7.3
26.9
8.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
20
9
9
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
27
28
30
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
30
39
21
17
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
38
50
28
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
28
24
37
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
21.0
16.8
12.3
8.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-5.2
-8.4
-6.1
-11.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
19.0
14.5
10.9
7.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.3
5.0
2.7
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.3
84.0
141.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.6
3.9
44.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
57
72
38
37
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
75
91
100
97
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
5,868
9,250
21,684
58,742
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
16.1
12.1
12.3
31.5
Net migration (thousands)
-196
124
-98
-30
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
401
1,154
4,123
5,522
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
43
173
478
592
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
616.0
222.4
558.6
154.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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