Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.45
5.31
6.50
7.14
Population growth (annual %)
2.3
1.7
2.0
1.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,759.5
1,759.5
1,759.5
1,759.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
2.5
3.0
3.7
4.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
28.70
31.46
75.02
49.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
6,460
5,930
11,550
6,930
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
75.98
101.42
196.38
88.56
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,090
19,120
30,220
12,410
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
71
72
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.8
2.9
2.6
2.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
14
14
7
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
45
42
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
99
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
42
28
17
11
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
5.6
4.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
89
93
98
73
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
108.6
..
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
111
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.1
0.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
680.0
615.4
783.1
817.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.4
1.8
2.3
1.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,513
2,977
3,132
2,369
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,574
2,244
3,206
4,002
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
28.90
38.27
75.38
35.22
GDP growth (annual %)
3.7
3.7
5.0
28.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.7
13.3
19.3
90.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
5
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
66
76
75
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
40
32
66
92
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
14
32
72
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
19
12
20
12
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
3.1
3.7
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.8
167.9
206.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
14.0
88.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
68
32
100
130
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
72
138
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
1
6
10
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
9
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
159
141
1,784
603
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
8.3
4.7
7.6
343.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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