Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.22
2.93
4.06
5.26
Population growth (annual %)
-12.4
3.7
2.9
2.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
111.4
111.4
111.4
111.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
23.1
30.4
42.1
54.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
63.8
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
61.1
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.55
0.56
1.78
3.30
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
250
190
440
630
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
2.40
2.50
3.62
7.59
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,080
850
890
1,440
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
6.5
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
38
52
59
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.4
5.9
5.1
4.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
169
145
147
129
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
20
25
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
51
61
84
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
268
192
104
77
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
22.8
16.6
10.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
63
65
58
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
63
58
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
108.5
100.7
67.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
34
44
38
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.8
2.7
1.7
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
85.3
82.2
79.2
75.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.8
1.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
-9.0
4.5
4.0
3.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.38
0.87
2.00
3.51
GDP growth (annual %)
-51.0
28.6
6.1
5.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.2
53.8
6.5
5.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
76
36
37
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
4
5
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.2
..
0.5
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
38.7
31.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
2.3
20.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
8
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
374
114
47
67
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
66
79
136
134
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,062
2,836
419
1,848
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
3.7
..
1.7
5.7
Net migration (thousands)
-713
-2
3
-12
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
294
865
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
225
21
2,065
-39
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
113.7
67.4
1,371.2
608.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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