Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.60
4.33
5.04
5.72
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
1.7
1.0
0.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
351.4
423.2
492.8
559.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
27.4
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.1
5.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.66
17.69
37.00
27.27
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,020
4,090
7,340
4,770
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
13.11
35.01
73.14
60.90
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,650
8,090
14,510
10,650
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.9
6.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
65
74
78
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.3
2.6
2.3
2.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
49
25
22
21
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
63
55
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
32
20
13
16
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
3.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
61
71
86
67
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
73
77
67
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
81.6
85.1
84.8
74.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
52
63
71
68
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.2
0.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
24.6
26.4
30.3
37.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
1.8
1.2
0.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
543
1,137
1,273
973
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
389
2,301
2,994
1,750
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.84
17.26
38.44
23.13
GDP growth (annual %)
26.5
1.3
8.0
-7.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
15.5
-2.1
0.6
150.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
6
4
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
24
20
14
3
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
14
35
26
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
100
36
60
53
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
31
20
25
5
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
16.0
20.1
6.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-18.4
-7.5
0.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
11.9
16.8
5.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.6
5.4
4.1
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
17.2
56.8
75.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
8.0
43.7
82.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
24
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
106
40
61
78
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
97
98
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
1,787
10,075
47,829
66,924
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
36.3
46.2
62.5
Net migration (thousands)
-7
0
-41
-27
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
2,544
6,914
6,354
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
993
4,280
600
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
285.7
201.2
418.2
1,405.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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