Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.31
5.43
6.33
7.45
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
1.7
1.5
1.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
236.8
236.8
236.8
236.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
18.7
23.5
27.4
32.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
18.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
42.1
43.1
21.7
15.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.83
1.50
6.25
18.65
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
190
280
990
2,500
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
4.36
9.34
22.38
56.80
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,010
1,720
3,530
7,620
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.2
8.6
7.6
7.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
54
58
64
68
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.1
4.4
3.1
2.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
106
101
89
83
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
19
32
50
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
17
37
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
154
108
68
42
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
39.8
35.6
26.6
24.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
32
42
64
62
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
43
67
83
90
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
96.6
105.7
119.7
99.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
23
33
47
60
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
178.4
174.3
169.4
165.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
16.7
18.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
3.0
3.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.9
7.1
3.5
3.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
297
425
727
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
118
386
1,030
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.87
1.73
7.13
18.83
GDP growth (annual %)
6.7
5.8
8.5
2.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
37.9
24.8
9.2
3.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
46
34
23
16
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
14
16
30
34
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
31
35
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
38
49
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
13
27
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
14.5
12.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-0.9
-0.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
13.0
10.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
8.7
0.8
0.2
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
63.2
64.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
7.0
62.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
6
7
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
31
50
53
74
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
104
119
154
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
1,769
2,531
6,348
18,712
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
8.6
8.0
13.1
29.2
Net migration (thousands)
-3
-34
-30
-10
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
11
1
42
220
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
34
279
1,072
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
104.8
233.6
350.0
577.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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