Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.68
1.95
2.94
4.36
Population growth (annual %)
-27.5
2.8
5.2
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
94.5
109.7
165.2
244.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
27.73
36.77
126.14
156.96
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
16,460
18,810
42,850
35,990
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
73.63
135.13
237.52
256.83
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
43,700
69,130
80,700
58,890
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
76
78
79
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.5
2.9
2.0
2.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
25
18
12
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
35
52
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
13
11
9
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
2.2
1.7
2.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
66
99
98
94
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
68
90
101
80
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
82.6
91.8
103.5
82.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
72
86
99
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.2
10.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
..
..
Urban population growth (annual %)
-27.5
3.1
5.2
-0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
5,364
9,494
11,312
8,571
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
10,227
14,717
17,195
16,868
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
18.43
37.72
115.42
148.35
GDP growth (annual %)
-26.2
4.7
-2.4
1.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
0.7
20.5
11.1
29.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
0
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
66
58
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
45
56
67
52
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
58
30
30
30
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
18
11
18
14
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
58.7
43.8
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
3.7
-5.6
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
1.5
1.5
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
48.5
7.2
3.8
6.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.2
24.4
135.2
158.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.7
61.4
99.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
60
71
80
64
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
72
130
122
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-1,196
14
102
20
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
5
807
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6
16
1,305
-272
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
12.9
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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