Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
42.87
47.01
49.55
51.77
Population growth (annual %)
1.0
0.8
0.5
-0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
99.3
99.3
100.0
100.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
444.4
487.3
509.8
530.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.5
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
285.31
538.49
1,152.19
1,938.56
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
6,660
11,460
23,250
37,450
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
366.92
898.46
1,643.60
2,705.64
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,560
19,110
33,170
52,260
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.4
7.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
76
80
84
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.5
1.2
0.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
4
3
2
1
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
79
79
80
84
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
16
8
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
0.9
0.8
0.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
95
98
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
100
101
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
99.0
100.8
98.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
98
97
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
65.5
64.8
63.9
62.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
2.3
5.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
31.7
42.7
45.0
45.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.1
1.1
0.6
-0.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,088
3,952
4,920
5,514
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,462
5,885
9,223
11,726
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
292.06
597.49
1,192.83
1,942.31
GDP growth (annual %)
10.0
9.2
7.0
4.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.1
0.9
2.7
3.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
4
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
36
34
34
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
33
45
39
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
31
43
36
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
40
33
33
32
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
15.2
19.9
19.3
28.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1.5
3.9
1.4
-0.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.0
13.8
12.9
15.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.0
2.3
2.4
2.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.2
57.3
104.1
140.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
44.7
83.7
97.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
32
36
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
46
56
75
65
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
226
169
96
92
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
79
-85
52
-17
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,413
4,524
5,854
7,742
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,046
11,509
9,497
22,060
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
52.3
-55.1
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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