Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
42.87
47.01
49.55
51.77
Population growth (annual %)
1.0
0.8
0.5
-0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
99.3
99.3
100.0
100.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
444.4
487.3
509.8
530.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.5
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
276.68
518.61
1,104.28
1,821.29
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
6,450
11,030
22,280
35,180
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
357.83
865.64
1,575.03
2,513.82
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,350
18,410
31,780
48,560
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.4
7.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
76
80
84
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.5
1.2
0.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
4
3
2
1
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
79
79
80
82
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
16
8
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
0.9
0.8
0.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
95
98
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
99
100
101
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
98.3
99.0
100.8
98.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
91
98
97
98
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
65.5
64.8
63.9
62.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
5.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
31.7
42.7
45.0
45.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.3
1.1
0.6
-0.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,167
4,003
5,045
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,373
5,907
9,716
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
283.37
576.18
1,143.67
1,818.43
GDP growth (annual %)
9.9
9.1
6.8
4.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.1
1.0
2.7
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
4
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
36
35
34
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
34
47
42
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
32
44
38
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
40
33
33
32
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
15.6
20.7
20.1
29.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1.5
4.0
1.5
-0.8
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
17
14
8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
13.4
14.3
13.4
16.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.0
2.5
2.5
2.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.2
57.3
104.0
140.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
44.7
83.7
97.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
32
36
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
48
58
78
69
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
226
169
96
92
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
79
-85
52
-17
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,413
4,524
5,854
7,742
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,046
11,509
9,497
22,060
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
52.3
-55.1
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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