Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.39
4.90
5.47
6.85
Population growth (annual %)
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
200.0
200.0
199.9
200.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
23.5
25.5
28.5
35.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
33.7
33.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
66.2
12.6
5.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.32
1.38
4.64
8.70
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
510
280
850
1,270
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
10.62
8.57
15.74
36.66
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,380
1,750
2,880
5,350
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.6
8.7
9.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
69
69
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.6
2.4
3.1
2.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
48
35
36
30
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
60
36
39
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
99
98
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
65
51
30
18
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
8.1
4.7
1.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
94
98
99
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
89
97
96
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
110.9
92.2
98.6
95.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
103
81
87
95
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.5
11.8
12.3
13.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
6.5
6.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
20.6
15.8
15.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.2
1.2
1.5
2.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,705
473
504
596
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,331
1,696
1,367
1,975
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.66
1.37
4.79
9.25
GDP growth (annual %)
5.7
5.4
-0.5
5.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
8.0
27.2
10.0
16.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33
34
17
12
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
34
29
26
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
42
52
36
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
50
48
82
64
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
20
27
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
27.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
0.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
16.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.9
1.9
1.6
2.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
96.2
130.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.0
16.3
77.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
16
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
78
104
90
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
83
102
125
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
6
1,938
4,118
9,061
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
0.4
30.2
23.1
17.9
Net migration (thousands)
-28
-23
-7
46
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2
2
1,266
3,012
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
10
-2
473
226
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
21.1
193.4
372.0
452.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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