Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
22.89
30.64
41.60
53.22
Population growth (annual %)
3.4
3.0
2.9
1.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
580.4
580.4
580.4
580.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
40.2
53.8
73.1
93.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
38.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
32.0
32.6
..
46.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
8.85
13.17
38.75
110.34
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
390
430
930
2,070
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
38.60
57.98
96.20
280.17
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,690
1,890
2,310
5,260
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.4
5.6
..
7.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
58
56
61
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.1
5.1
4.4
3.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
134
121
109
60
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
27
39
46
65
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
50
43
44
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
101
96
54
42
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
19.4
17.1
12.4
9.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
78
78
86
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.4
94.1
108.6
78.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
40
40
58
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
5.5
8.7
5.6
3.9
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
38.6
39.6
36.2
36.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
12.1
10.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
9.9
7.5
15.5
19.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.0
4.7
4.6
3.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
473
460
468
538
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
128
109
146
184
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
8.57
12.71
45.41
109.70
GDP growth (annual %)
4.2
0.6
8.1
7.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.6
6.1
1.6
4.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
25
29
18
21
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
16
15
19
17
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
22
20
11
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
32
30
20
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
17
21
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
17.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
-8.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
13.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.9
1.3
1.4
1.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.4
60.0
122.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.3
7.2
35.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
7
3
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
38
38
38
24
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
70
100
93
92
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
7,055
6,147
8,885
41,219
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
35.4
21.0
4.4
20.4
Net migration (thousands)
-11
5
-21
-53
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
139
538
686
3,770
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
57
111
178
420
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,181.3
513.9
1,631.3
3,176.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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