Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
17.15
15.50
16.84
19.74
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.3
1.3
1.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,724.9
2,724.9
2,724.9
2,724.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
6.4
5.7
6.2
7.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
5.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
14.6
20.7
0.5
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
23.38
18.87
121.37
168.69
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,350
1,220
7,210
8,540
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
111.68
107.83
272.79
570.65
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,460
6,960
16,200
28,900
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.5
6.7
9.5
9.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
66
64
68
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.7
1.9
2.6
3.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
49
32
30
22
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
66
51
53
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
98
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
51
42
20
10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
3.8
3.7
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
89
99
99
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
94
97
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
111.8
98.0
98.7
98.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
97
89
99
94
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
31.6
31.6
30.8
34.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.2
11.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
51.7
32.6
34.2
38.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.0
1.5
3.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,282
2,302
4,106
3,540
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,628
3,043
4,583
5,322
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
26.93
18.29
148.05
197.11
GDP growth (annual %)
-11.0
9.8
7.3
4.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
96.4
17.4
19.5
13.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
23
8
5
5
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
39
38
41
35
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
74
57
44
34
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
75
49
30
25
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
32
18
25
27
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
11.3
21.4
12.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
0.1
4.6
-4.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
39.0
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
10.2
15.7
9.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.1
0.8
1.0
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.3
115.2
123.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.7
31.6
90.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
35
27
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
29
76
62
52
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
68
135
121
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
35
12,890
119,151
173,390
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
32.4
56.8
44.2
Net migration (thousands)
-103
-9
-7
-10
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
67
226
310
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
100
1,371
7,456
4,567
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
111.5
184.8
198.3
58.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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