Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
123.48
126.84
128.07
125.68
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.2
0.0
-0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
377.8
377.8
378.0
378.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
338.7
348.0
351.4
344.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.0
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3,505.82
4,669.26
5,623.43
5,487.90
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
28,390
36,810
43,910
43,670
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
2,485.34
3,511.27
4,645.95
5,866.68
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
20,130
27,680
36,280
46,680
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
8.3
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
79
81
83
84
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
4
6
5
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
58
56
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
6
5
3
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
3.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
73
96
94
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
104
105
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
105.4
104.3
102.3
102.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
97
106
102
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
249.5
248.8
249.7
249.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
15.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
21.2
21.0
18.8
18.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.5
0.3
0.9
-0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,553
4,084
3,893
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
6,809
8,299
8,595
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3,185.90
4,968.36
5,759.07
5,034.62
GDP growth (annual %)
4.8
2.8
4.1
2.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.6
-1.3
-1.9
-0.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
2
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
33
28
29
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
10
10
15
18
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
9
9
14
19
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
35
28
23
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
21.2
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-1.1
-6.1
-7.4
-7.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
12
11
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
248.8
290.2
311.7
391.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
12.9
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.7
52.7
96.2
160.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
30.0
78.2
82.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
19
18
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
16
17
25
30
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
150
102
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
125
23
132
-35
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
508
773
1,684
5,294
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
50,775
10,688
7,441
35,027
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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