Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.62
5.39
7.30
11.07
Population growth (annual %)
7.8
2.1
2.2
1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
88.8
88.8
89.3
89.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
41.0
61.0
82.2
124.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
15.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
0.2
0.0
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.55
8.57
25.59
46.90
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,260
1,590
3,510
4,240
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
14.83
30.75
68.17
101.11
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,090
5,710
9,340
9,140
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.0
7.2
8.2
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
72
74
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.5
3.9
3.8
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
55
36
37
19
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
35
56
59
52
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
87
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
36
27
20
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
5.1
3.7
1.9
2.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
94
98
81
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
90
88
85
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
97.6
90.0
89.7
98.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
76
82
87
90
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
4.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
122.4
109.3
130.9
135.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
9.5
2.1
3.5
2.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
904
903
973
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
919
1,226
1,836
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.16
8.46
27.13
46.30
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.3
4.2
2.3
3.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
14.2
-0.4
8.1
2.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
2
4
5
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
23
21
26
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
60
42
47
30
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
90
69
67
50
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
31
22
35
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
25.3
25.1
22.1
23.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.4
-2.0
-4.9
-4.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
80
13
13
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.0
19.0
15.5
17.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.8
6.3
5.7
4.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
7.7
95.5
65.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.6
27.2
86.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
88
77
83
67
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
118
126
108
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
8,333
11,063
16,894
41,757
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
24.4
20.1
5.8
21.4
Net migration (thousands)
266
-26
5
7
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
499
1,845
3,623
5,072
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
38
913
1,688
622
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
951.7
554.2
954.8
3,447.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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