Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.38
2.61
2.75
2.84
Population growth (annual %)
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
219.7
240.8
253.8
262.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
18.7
17.6
16.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
11.6
5.7
..
1.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.29
8.60
12.34
14.69
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,800
3,300
4,490
5,180
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
10.40
16.20
21.38
26.40
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,370
6,210
7,780
9,300
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.2
5.5
..
5.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
71
72
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.0
2.3
1.8
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
108
74
54
37
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
55
69
73
61
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
92
96
95
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
28
21
19
19
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
5.6
3.9
3.4
2.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
74
88
89
88
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
92
81
88
80
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.0
91.8
99.8
90.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
70
78
90
87
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
5.2
5.2
5.6
6.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
1.4
1.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
8.6
10.5
13.2
12.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.2
1.2
0.8
0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,099
1,339
875
881
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
882
2,317
1,205
1,107
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.59
9.01
13.22
14.66
GDP growth (annual %)
4.2
0.9
-1.5
4.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
25.1
10.6
9.8
7.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
6
5
8
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
28
23
18
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
48
39
31
38
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
52
51
50
52
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
26
23
20
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
29.2
26.1
27.4
29.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
2.4
-0.9
-6.3
-3.1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
23.5
22.5
24.3
25.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.8
0.5
0.9
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
14.1
115.8
102.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.1
27.7
82.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
67
51
50
51
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
116
110
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
4,785
4,821
14,187
16,011
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
28.6
18.8
28.0
29.7
Net migration (thousands)
-25
-17
-13
-5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
229
878
2,026
3,707
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
138
420
186
320
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
271.6
14.1
141.1
58.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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