Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
56.72
56.94
59.82
59.13
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
0.0
0.4
-0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
301.3
302.1
302.1
302.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
192.9
192.6
202.3
200.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
18.9
19.8
20.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.2
1.2
1.4
0.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1,061.03
1,251.42
2,256.27
2,174.03
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
18,710
21,980
37,720
36,760
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,045.89
1,539.88
2,087.80
2,979.01
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
18,440
27,040
34,900
50,380
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.8
6.4
6.4
6.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
80
82
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
9
7
7
3
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
65
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
10
6
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
43
74
91
94
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
104
101
101
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.6
102.3
100.8
101.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
81
95
101
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
75.9
83.7
90.3
96.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.2
14.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
22.5
24.7
18.5
18.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.1
0.1
0.6
-0.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,584
3,012
2,904
2,531
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,145
5,300
5,444
5,290
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1,183.95
1,149.66
2,144.94
2,179.21
GDP growth (annual %)
2.0
3.9
1.5
8.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
8.9
1.8
0.6
1.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
28
24
21
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
26
25
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
25
27
29
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
23
21
21
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
35.4
37.0
38.7
40.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-8.6
-2.2
-3.7
-8.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
24.1
23.7
23.7
24.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
73.8
155.7
130.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
23.1
53.7
74.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
8
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
42
44
54
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
96
94
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
35
56
274
157
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
5,075
1,790
7,975
10,508
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
6,441
13,173
9,931
26,254
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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