Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.66
6.29
7.62
9.37
Population growth (annual %)
3.1
2.6
1.8
1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
215.3
290.6
352.3
433.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
59.95
128.03
234.54
465.17
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
12,860
20,360
30,770
49,640
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
71.32
154.76
222.80
429.02
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
15,300
24,610
29,220
45,780
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.9
5.9
4.7
5.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
82
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
19
17
13
7
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
68
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
..
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
12
7
5
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
91
95
96
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
98
99
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
99.4
100.0
98.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
99
98
99
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
8.6
10.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
209.7
215.1
178.7
204.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.2
2.7
1.8
1.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,460
2,899
3,044
2,433
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,176
6,323
6,953
6,810
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
61.98
136.41
239.37
489.74
GDP growth (annual %)
7.3
8.6
5.5
9.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
15.9
2.0
1.2
2.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
2
2
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
23
21
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
34
34
29
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
35
32
26
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
26
22
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
33.8
36.6
31.3
32.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.6
-1.1
-3.9
-3.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
25.6
26.3
22.0
24.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
12.4
6.1
5.8
4.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.3
72.0
124.2
139.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
20.9
67.5
90.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
19
30
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
47
51
49
31
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
88
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
179
63
13
17
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
812
182
572
1,230
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
151
8,048
6,985
18,950
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,371.9
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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