Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
17.58
24.42
31.05
43.07
Population growth (annual %)
1.2
3.3
3.2
2.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
438.3
438.3
435.2
435.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
40.2
55.8
71.5
99.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
18.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.1
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
123.12
37.47
136.16
204.05
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
7,000
1,530
4,390
4,740
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
47.13
257.94
382.68
542.97
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,650
10,560
12,330
12,610
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
8.8
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
58
65
68
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.9
4.9
4.5
3.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
72
59
86
60
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
14
44
52
53
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
54
65
91
96
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
80
44
35
24
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
10.4
12.8
7.2
3.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
75
86
75
84
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
59
54
63
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
111.2
90.1
103.7
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
46
37
50
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.3
1.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
121.6
187.5
134.7
120.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.0
3.4
3.4
2.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,140
1,091
1,064
1,275
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,297
1,194
1,185
1,382
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
180.41
48.36
138.52
209.69
GDP growth (annual %)
57.8
16.8
6.4
1.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
73.6
24.7
16.6
38.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
5
5
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
72
85
56
55
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
8
76
39
37
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
7
50
34
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
44
29
16
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
38.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
2.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
1.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
2.7
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
74.4
93.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
2.5
65.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
9
69
69
54
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
82
160
107
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
25,363
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
5.2
Net migration (thousands)
-601
88
93
17
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
177
840
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-7
0
1,396
-2,637
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
63.1
101.8
2,178.3
1,810.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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