Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
58.38
66.42
77.42
88.46
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
1.5
1.3
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,745.2
1,745.2
1,745.2
1,745.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
35.8
40.8
47.5
54.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
21.6
15.2
2.3
3.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
142.99
116.01
457.54
363.51
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,450
1,750
5,910
4,110
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
441.53
744.21
1,442.39
1,404.69
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
7,560
11,200
18,630
15,880
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.2
5.2
7.3
7.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
64
70
74
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.9
2.0
1.7
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
88
37
34
26
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
49
74
77
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
90
96
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
58
36
19
13
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
9.5
4.1
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
99
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
84
89
96
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
102.7
97.8
98.4
101.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
56
75
79
86
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
90.8
93.3
106.9
107.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
6.5
7.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
51.3
68.9
72.3
72.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.7
2.1
1.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,188
1,852
2,640
3,357
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
908
1,528
2,534
3,589
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
124.81
109.59
487.07
407.35
GDP growth (annual %)
13.6
5.8
5.8
4.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
22.8
24.9
15.9
55.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
12
9
6
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
33
40
44
39
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
21
24
22
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
20
19
21
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
33
35
40
41
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
17.4
21.6
25.4
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-1.8
1.7
0.5
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
5.6
5.9
7.4
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.9
2.3
2.8
2.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.4
69.8
153.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.9
15.9
78.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
32
39
34
30
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
69
118
108
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
9,026
8,800
19,769
10,349
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
3.2
9.9
1.7
0.4
Net migration (thousands)
201
300
-13
335
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1,200
536
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-362
39
3,649
1,425
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
106.4
129.9
110.8
304.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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