Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.51
3.81
4.56
5.11
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
1.3
0.5
1.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
70.3
70.3
70.3
70.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
51.0
55.2
66.2
74.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
14.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
1.3
0.2
0.7
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
44.14
91.82
205.09
378.55
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
12,560
24,130
44,970
74,070
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
44.90
100.23
165.42
425.51
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
12,780
26,340
36,280
83,260
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.0
7.7
7.6
9.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
77
81
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
16
20
15
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
73
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
7
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
0.5
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
78
79
90
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
95
98
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
102.0
103.2
98.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
105
118
133
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.6
6.3
7.2
7.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.3
4.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.3
2.0
1.7
3.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.3
1.7
0.9
1.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,821
3,627
3,150
2,689
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,768
5,797
5,871
6,106
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
49.31
100.21
221.73
530.39
GDP growth (annual %)
8.5
9.4
1.7
16.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.7
6.9
-3.0
1.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
3
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
32
23
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
55
94
103
136
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
50
81
87
95
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
25
17
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
32.3
32.9
30.9
21.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.4
5.0
-32.1
-1.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
25.4
26.3
21.9
16.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.2
0.7
0.6
0.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.7
64.7
103.1
106.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
17.9
69.9
93.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
23
28
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
90
128
80
59
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
118
73
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-8
31
-27
27
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
286
252
658
180
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
622
25,779
37,748
77,723
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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