Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.51
3.81
4.56
5.03
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
1.3
0.5
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
70.3
70.3
70.3
70.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
51.0
55.2
66.2
73.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
14.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
44.14
91.82
205.14
383.17
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
12,560
24,130
44,980
76,130
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
44.87
100.21
165.60
431.05
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
12,770
26,340
36,320
85,640
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.1
7.9
7.6
8.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
77
81
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
16
20
15
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
73
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
7
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
0.5
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
78
79
90
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
99
97
98
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.5
102.3
103.2
100.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
101
105
118
135
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.6
6.3
7.2
7.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.3
4.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.3
2.0
1.7
3.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.3
1.7
0.9
1.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,821
3,627
3,149
2,729
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,768
5,796
5,861
6,167
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
49.31
100.21
221.99
531.31
GDP growth (annual %)
8.5
9.4
1.7
16.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.7
6.9
-2.9
1.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
3
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
32
23
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
55
94
103
133
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
50
81
87
91
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
25
17
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
32.3
32.9
30.9
21.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.4
5.0
-32.1
-1.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
25.4
26.3
21.8
16.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.2
0.7
0.6
0.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.7
65.3
103.9
107.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
17.9
69.9
96.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
23
28
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
90
128
80
59
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
110
106
88
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-8
31
-27
27
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
286
252
658
180
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
622
25,779
37,748
77,723
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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