Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
864.97
1,057.92
1,243.48
1,414.20
Population growth (annual %)
2.2
1.9
1.5
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
3,287.3
3,287.3
3,287.3
3,287.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
290.9
355.8
418.2
475.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
45.3
..
21.9
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
47.5
..
27.1
5.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
334.59
467.08
1,505.74
3,064.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
390
440
1,210
2,170
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,004.47
2,124.89
5,024.27
10,923.15
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,160
2,010
4,040
7,720
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
10.2
..
9.7
10.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
59
63
67
67
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.0
3.4
2.6
2.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
138
114
42
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
45
47
55
67
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
34
43
52
89
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
127
92
58
31
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
52.8
45.4
..
31.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
56
56
82
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
64
75
96
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
90.8
98.8
112.2
102.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
37
47
65
81
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
639.4
675.9
695.0
724.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.4
4.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
34.6
42.2
44.8
44.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.0
2.7
2.7
1.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
324
395
534
677
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
271
385
629
964
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
320.98
468.40
1,675.62
3,167.27
GDP growth (annual %)
5.5
3.8
8.5
9.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.7
3.6
10.5
8.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
28
22
17
17
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
27
31
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
7
13
22
21
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
8
14
27
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
26
40
32
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.4
11.7
13.2
9.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.4
-3.8
-3.5
-5.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
10.0
8.8
10.4
6.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.3
60.5
81.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.5
7.5
49.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
10
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
13
20
34
31
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
91
91
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
83,472
101,131
290,428
611,987
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
33.0
17.1
6.8
7.8
Net migration (thousands)
126
-144
-51
-349
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,384
12,883
53,480
89,375
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
237
3,584
27,397
44,727
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,395.0
1,383.4
2,561.1
3,136.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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