Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
183.50
216.08
246.31
276.76
Population growth (annual %)
1.8
1.4
1.3
0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,910.9
1,910.9
1,910.9
1,916.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
101.3
115.1
131.2
146.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
19.1
12.5
10.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
61.8
43.8
16.5
2.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
101.91
122.45
612.25
1,142.87
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
560
570
2,490
4,130
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
531.11
935.92
2,002.72
3,434.77
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,890
4,330
8,130
12,410
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.0
9.2
8.1
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
63
66
69
68
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
75
54
46
27
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
50
55
61
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
41
67
82
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
84
52
34
22
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
31.0
24.7
18.6
17.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
58
76
78
72
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
94
95
103
103
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
115.1
110.8
114.0
102.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
47
56
77
99
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,185.5
1,012.8
996.6
915.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
5.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.7
5.6
9.0
11.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.9
4.4
2.8
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
538
720
861
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
161
382
624
1,084
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
106.14
165.02
755.09
1,186.51
GDP growth (annual %)
7.2
4.9
6.2
3.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
9.1
20.4
15.3
6.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
22
16
14
13
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
39
42
43
40
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
27
41
24
21
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
30
22
19
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
33
22
33
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
20.2
18.7
14.5
11.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.4
-0.3
-0.7
-4.6
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
77
13
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
34.2
54.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
19.1
11.6
10.5
9.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.7
86.6
133.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.9
10.9
62.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
12
7
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
45
66
39
36
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
89
109
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
69,849
144,049
198,278
417,868
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
33.5
22.8
18.7
26.2
Net migration (thousands)
12
-43
-58
-11
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
166
1,190
6,916
9,402
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,093
-4,550
15,292
21,213
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,592.6
1,645.4
1,323.8
625.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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