Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.37
10.21
10.00
9.63
Population growth (annual %)
-1.0
-0.3
-0.2
-0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
115.4
113.9
110.5
105.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
14.1
12.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
2.2
0.1
0.2
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
31.32
47.23
132.47
174.04
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
3,020
4,630
13,250
18,070
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
91.24
114.23
206.96
363.35
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,790
11,190
20,700
37,730
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.1
9.5
8.2
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
71
74
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
37
24
18
20
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
81
..
62
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
99
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
10
6
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
99
99
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
100
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
102.0
100.5
101.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
96
102
100
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
18.1
19.2
20.5
20.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
23.2
22.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
115.2
97.4
89.5
74.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
-0.5
0.2
1.3
-0.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,775
2,448
2,651
2,851
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,427
3,309
3,876
4,758
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
34.48
47.28
131.90
183.28
GDP growth (annual %)
-3.5
4.4
1.1
7.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
25.7
9.6
2.5
6.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
5
3
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
27
25
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
67
81
79
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
70
77
80
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
28
21
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
50.7
38.0
38.1
35.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.8
-2.8
-3.6
-7.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
28.0
22.4
22.6
21.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.6
1.5
1.0
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
30.2
120.4
105.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
7.0
65.0
88.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
26
16
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
59
128
139
155
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
98
97
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
17
13
11
20
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
363
1,781
3,759
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
554
2,748
-20,953
33,475
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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