Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
6.85
8.30
9.80
11.37
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.8
1.2
1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
248.7
301.3
355.7
412.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
58.5
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
29.2
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.94
4.63
11.20
16.50
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
430
560
1,140
1,450
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
15.04
18.48
26.47
35.70
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,190
2,230
2,700
3,140
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
5.5
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
53
58
46
63
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.4
4.4
3.5
2.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
83
76
64
52
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
10
28
35
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
23
24
37
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
145
104
137
59
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
23.7
13.9
11.6
10.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
31
55
64
65
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
37
51
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
80.6
114.1
..
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
2.1
2.3
1.7
1.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.0
2.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
7.5
10.3
11.1
11.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.0
3.6
3.3
2.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
351
368
389
406
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
60
36
60
77
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.10
6.81
11.86
20.88
GDP growth (annual %)
1.0
0.9
-5.7
-1.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
12.0
91.4
7.4
19.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
30
17
20
21
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
23
23
24
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
12
7
9
7
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
35
20
36
30
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
20
8
25
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.1
..
0.0
0.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.7
40.6
63.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
8.4
39.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
16
20
31
26
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
195
147
114
92
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
939
1,203
959
2,605
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
11.9
9.2
12.5
1.9
Net migration (thousands)
-26
-27
-28
-33
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
123
578
1,474
3,994
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
8
13
178
51
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
155.7
181.6
2,889.8
951.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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