Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.78
4.47
4.30
3.88
Population growth (annual %)
0.2
-1.0
-0.2
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
56.5
56.5
56.6
88.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
81.8
79.9
76.8
69.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
20.9
18.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
23.71
59.71
67.58
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
5,310
13,900
17,420
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
46.82
83.58
142.56
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
10,480
19,460
36,750
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
10.3
8.3
6.9
8.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
73
76
76
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
28
16
13
8
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
13
8
6
5
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
93
96
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
102
97
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
81.3
101.5
98.1
99.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
79
95
99
106
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
18.6
18.9
19.2
19.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
8.0
23.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1.5
1.8
1.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.9
-0.6
0.1
-0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,983
1,883
2,181
2,212
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,966
2,829
3,922
4,507
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
25.65
22.13
58.98
69.01
GDP growth (annual %)
-21.1
2.9
-1.3
12.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
99.3
4.4
0.9
2.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
5
4
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
24
21
20
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
35
35
50
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
40
37
53
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
19
20
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
32.1
40.1
34.7
39.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-4.5
-8.9
-6.6
-2.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
14.5
22.8
20.3
21.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.6
3.0
1.7
2.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
23.9
114.6
112.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.6
56.6
81.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
10
10
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
86
56
54
82
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
100
100
93
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
10
-48
-4
-5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
230
817
2,287
4,984
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
13
1,015
1,545
5,125
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
0.0
65.5
131.6
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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