Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.98
6.58
8.37
10.29
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
2.7
2.1
1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
112.5
112.5
112.5
112.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
44.5
58.8
74.8
92.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
63.7
60.0
73.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
42.0
19.8
13.8
12.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
5.48
6.71
14.46
25.12
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,100
1,020
1,730
2,440
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
9.58
16.49
29.99
58.45
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,920
2,510
3,580
5,680
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
2.9
2.5
3.1
3.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
65
69
71
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.3
4.2
3.0
2.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
130
128
98
84
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
47
62
73
69
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
47
56
83
94
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
58
37
25
17
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
15.0
12.8
7.1
7.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
98
98
81
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
60
69
85
73
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.7
102.8
98.8
84.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
31
..
66
55
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
69.9
67.8
65.8
63.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
11.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1.8
1.8
1.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.0
3.9
3.4
2.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
478
455
546
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
366
488
614
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.92
7.19
15.84
28.14
GDP growth (annual %)
2.8
7.3
3.7
12.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
25.0
8.0
4.7
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
24
14
12
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
29
26
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
32
54
46
39
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
39
66
64
64
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
28
22
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
20.0
20.6
22.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-3.0
-3.0
-4.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
61
43
42
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
34.5
49.6
75.6
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
13.7
14.4
15.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.2
0.7
1.1
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.3
112.5
73.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.2
11.1
52.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
38
102
96
90
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
90
115
96
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,817
5,617
4,008
12,508
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
38.3
14.8
10.3
14.7
Net migration (thousands)
-15
-11
-5
-6
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
63
474
2,618
7,203
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
44
350
607
800
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
411.0
399.9
470.5
617.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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