Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.70
6.67
7.02
7.41
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.9
0.7
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
5,762.1
6,347.6
6,689.7
7,060.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
72.22
179.50
236.17
403.13
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
12,660
26,930
33,620
54,380
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
101.21
189.63
352.89
522.26
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,740
28,450
50,240
70,450
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
81
83
86
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.3
1.0
1.1
0.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
6
5
3
1
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
86
84
75
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
..
..
..
..
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
..
..
..
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
103
96
102
119
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.4
99.2
105.4
106.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
72
79
88
100
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
..
..
..
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
48.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
..
..
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.7
0.9
0.7
-0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,511
2,039
1,947
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,178
5,447
5,973
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
76.93
171.67
228.64
368.95
GDP growth (annual %)
3.8
7.7
6.8
6.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.6
-3.4
0.3
0.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
0
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
12
7
6
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
117
126
205
204
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
109
122
199
198
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
28
24
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
11
6
2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
2.3
80.9
193.4
319.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
27.8
72.0
93.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
37
71
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
217
243
368
375
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
103
103
100
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-26
59
8
-3
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
136
340
453
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,448
70,496
82,709
137,191
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
38.2
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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