Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.20
10.81
11.12
10.57
Population growth (annual %)
1.1
0.4
0.1
-1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
132.0
132.0
132.0
132.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
79.1
83.8
86.3
82.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
20.7
21.4
18.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
0.2
1.1
0.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
89.83
141.59
303.85
215.10
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
8,810
13,100
27,320
20,350
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
138.59
212.36
302.77
351.87
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
13,590
19,650
27,220
33,290
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.9
6.7
7.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
78
80
80
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
21
10
11
8
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
61
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
11
6
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
0.5
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
76
89
99
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
98
96
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
102.3
100.0
97.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
97
108
105
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
33.0
36.0
39.0
39.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
8.6
11.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
13.5
15.5
17.0
17.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.3
0.6
0.6
-1.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,103
2,512
2,488
1,924
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,221
4,586
5,335
4,994
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
96.53
125.76
296.42
218.30
GDP growth (annual %)
0.0
4.1
-5.7
8.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
20.7
1.6
1.2
1.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
6
3
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
19
15
15
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
24
22
40
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
35
29
48
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
25
26
18
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
24.2
42.5
38.0
43.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-19.9
-4.2
-11.1
-6.8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
15.3
23.3
20.4
25.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.8
3.6
2.8
3.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
55.0
110.5
108.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
9.1
44.4
78.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
12
12
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
29
36
32
57
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
111
99
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
26
55
2
-160
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1,817
2,194
1,499
689
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,005
-8
533
6,132
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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