Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.47
0.70
1.19
1.76
Population growth (annual %)
3.8
5.3
4.6
2.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
16.9
25.1
42.4
62.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.11
0.47
9.41
8.47
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
230
660
7,920
4,820
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
0.29
3.57
18.27
22.15
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
610
5,070
15,360
12,600
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
51
53
58
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.0
5.8
5.2
4.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
182
186
180
154
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
9
13
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
65
68
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
178
155
111
76
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
15.7
5.6
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88
50
44
50
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
37
36
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
109.5
83.4
62.5
51.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
25
22
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.9
3.9
5.8
6.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
27.0
26.2
25.3
24.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
1.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.6
8.9
7.0
3.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
1,698
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.11
1.05
16.31
12.22
GDP growth (annual %)
-1.8
18.2
-8.9
0.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
10.4
64.7
24.9
17.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
1
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
75
50
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
86
45
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
59
32
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
38
8
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
26.6
15.3
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-4.5
2.6
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
155
33
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
7.6
5.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
2.5
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.7
36.5
50.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
6.0
60.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
110
148
95
62
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
28
74
149
151
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
4
27
22
6
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
..
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
11
..
..
225
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
60.2
21.3
85.1
12.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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