Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.97
1.23
1.57
2.06
Population growth (annual %)
1.6
2.0
2.6
2.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
34.6
43.9
55.7
73.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
64.7
48.7
50.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
42.4
53.2
66.7
26.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.57
0.51
0.98
1.84
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
590
410
620
890
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
0.77
1.21
2.14
5.09
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
800
980
1,370
2,470
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
2.2
7.3
4.5
7.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
47
50
56
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
5.7
5.1
4.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
117
124
111
85
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
8
14
21
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
32
43
54
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
222
174
114
75
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
19.8
18.0
16.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
53
71
76
63
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
6
27
63
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
48.8
75.8
113.3
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
6
17
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
3.8
3.9
2.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
22.3
21.5
20.6
19.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
13.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.7
3.1
3.6
3.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
77
..
65
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.63
0.39
0.94
1.85
GDP growth (annual %)
6.1
1.1
5.6
6.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
30.2
-22.9
5.2
2.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
57
37
38
35
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
17
9
14
15
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
10
13
13
18
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
37
40
31
28
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
20
19
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
11.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
-3.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
217
9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
8.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.2
2.6
1.8
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
43.2
108.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
2.5
28.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
17
31
63
38
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
155
106
91
104
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
698
952
1,097
1,066
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
32.3
7.1
11.3
12.8
Net migration (thousands)
-8
-7
-2
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
8
46
206
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
0
26
19
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
126.3
81.1
129.0
169.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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