Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.05
1.46
1.93
2.58
Population growth (annual %)
4.2
2.7
2.9
2.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
104.2
143.8
190.4
254.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
48.1
53.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
78.0
34.2
22.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.29
0.82
1.59
1.96
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
280
560
830
760
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1.40
2.39
4.28
6.98
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,330
1,640
2,220
2,710
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
4.4
5.7
6.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
51
57
61
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.2
5.7
5.6
4.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
161
117
92
61
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
12
9
13
19
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
44
52
56
84
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
166
113
73
47
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
15.4
17.4
11.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
86
89
92
79
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
38
58
61
79
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
50.6
71.0
73.5
96.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
15
..
46
107
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
1.6
2.0
1.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.1
3.6
3.0
2.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
1.4
2.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.7
3.0
3.4
3.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.8
5.9
4.1
3.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
59
..
75
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.32
0.78
1.54
2.01
GDP growth (annual %)
3.6
5.5
5.9
5.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
12.0
2.2
5.6
7.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
24
25
35
24
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
11
15
10
16
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
60
26
15
7
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
72
31
26
35
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
5
14
30
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
19.4
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
2.1
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.2
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.4
76.7
108.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.9
9.2
37.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
69
26
23
37
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
99
99
98
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
369
490
544
1,113
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
22.2
14.8
9.0
29.0
Net migration (thousands)
11
-4
-2
-2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
54
116
547
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
14
44
37
252
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
97.3
49.6
106.5
249.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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