Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
6.43
8.43
10.40
13.71
Population growth (annual %)
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
245.9
245.9
245.9
245.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
26.2
34.3
42.3
55.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
43.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
86.4
50.3
21.3
11.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.84
4.89
7.04
15.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
600
580
680
1,120
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
5.39
9.91
16.67
49.19
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
840
1,180
1,600
3,590
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.9
5.8
7.6
8.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
47
52
56
59
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
5.9
5.4
4.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
148
151
144
123
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
2
6
6
11
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
31
35
45
55
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
233
166
122
100
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
20.0
18.8
15.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
35
42
58
51
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
18
32
56
60
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
32.3
58.4
85.6
100.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
10
18
37
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
0
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
1.5
1.7
1.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
72.8
69.3
65.7
61.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
21.4
26.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
2.9
3.3
3.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.89
4.37
6.85
17.07
GDP growth (annual %)
4.3
2.5
4.8
5.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
17.3
6.3
16.1
12.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
17
14
17
27
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
24
22
32
29
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
21
17
30
56
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
20
43
59
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
14
20
16
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
11.6
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.4
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
8.3
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.4
1.5
2.2
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.5
38.5
110.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
1.0
28.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
29
42
85
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
124
121
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,430
3,078
3,239
4,642
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
20.2
22.7
5.2
1.5
Net migration (thousands)
108
-77
-31
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
18
1
46
344
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
18
10
956
198
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
291.6
153.4
219.7
594.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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