Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
15.39
19.64
25.47
32.52
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
238.5
238.5
238.5
238.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
67.7
86.3
112.0
142.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
51.7
39.5
24.2
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
80.4
65.3
41.8
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
5.85
6.47
30.63
74.95
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
380
330
1,200
2,300
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
24.12
44.85
97.00
208.29
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,570
2,280
3,810
6,410
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.6
5.8
5.4
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
55
58
61
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.7
4.8
4.2
3.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
111
84
71
60
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
13
22
35
36
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
40
44
67
79
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
128
100
67
40
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
22.9
20.1
13.4
12.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
61
90
93
94
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
58
66
88
93
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
65.1
79.9
99.4
99.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
34
33
56
76
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.3
2.6
1.9
1.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
99.2
88.5
79.4
79.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.8
7.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.5
3.2
4.1
4.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.7
4.2
3.7
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
344
322
296
362
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
310
320
272
542
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5.89
4.98
32.20
79.51
GDP growth (annual %)
3.3
3.7
7.9
5.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
31.2
27.2
16.6
12.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
45
35
28
20
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
17
25
18
28
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
49
29
30
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
67
46
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
14
24
13
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.5
18.1
16.7
14.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-6.5
-7.2
-9.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
11.4
17.2
13.4
12.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.7
68.4
124.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
7.8
68.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
93
59
36
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
58
58
118
109
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,881
6,743
17,985
46,584
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
38.8
19.0
4.9
13.4
Net migration (thousands)
-47
-4
-4
-11
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
6
32
136
1,956
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
15
166
2,527
2,534
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
559.7
600.6
1,369.1
1,239.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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