Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.80
4.08
3.79
3.71
Population growth (annual %)
0.0
-1.9
-0.7
-0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
85.3
71.3
66.2
64.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
37.3
17.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
22.9
14.4
5.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
7.87
3.22
12.21
17.67
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,640
790
3,220
4,760
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
28.02
13.04
28.69
65.78
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,840
3,200
7,580
17,740
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
5.4
5.7
7.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
70
72
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
62
44
55
25
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
41
53
39
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
97
96
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
48
36
14
10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
2.7
1.1
2.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
16
73
94
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
112
89
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.5
101.2
107.4
103.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
98
85
98
106
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
27.5
27.6
28.2
28.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
7.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
5.4
3.3
3.0
2.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
-0.5
-2.4
0.0
0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,585
704
825
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,039
1,574
2,050
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
7.74
3.06
12.43
18.85
GDP growth (annual %)
-14.8
1.8
6.2
10.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
22.4
4.7
15.9
10.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
30
21
9
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
21
17
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
40
23
32
43
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
45
40
49
59
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
31
27
21
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
14.3
22.7
24.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.6
-4.1
-5.9
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
25
3
1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
33.3
76.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
11.4
21.1
21.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
0.6
3.7
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
4.6
103.7
147.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.5
26.9
76.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
8
34
56
76
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
71
103
105
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
79
1,826
8,790
22,054
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
12.7
17.5
29.5
Net migration (thousands)
-109
-135
-37
-3
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
206
1,184
2,644
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
131
921
1,271
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
0.2
171.9
588.9
769.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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