Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
57.25
58.89
62.77
67.03
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.4
0.8
-0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
243.6
243.6
243.6
243.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
236.6
243.4
259.4
277.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1,064.28
1,732.68
2,621.42
3,050.04
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
18,590
29,420
41,760
45,510
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
998.09
1,566.72
2,291.21
3,433.24
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,430
26,600
36,500
51,220
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.2
6.8
7.6
7.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
76
78
80
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
34
29
24
9
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
82
80
84
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
99
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
7
5
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
0.6
0.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
88
89
91
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
103.1
100.6
105.7
102.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
87
101
103
114
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
27.8
29.5
30.6
32.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.3
39.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
8.3
8.6
5.7
5.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.2
0.4
1.1
0.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,597
3,786
3,235
2,372
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,357
6,115
5,713
4,569
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1,093.17
1,665.53
2,485.48
3,143.32
GDP growth (annual %)
0.7
4.3
2.2
8.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.9
1.1
1.6
0.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
1
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
23
19
17
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
26
29
29
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
27
30
29
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
23
18
16
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
32.6
33.0
38.3
35.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-0.9
-0.8
-6.6
-9.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
24.2
26.1
25.3
26.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.0
2.4
2.6
2.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.9
73.8
122.3
118.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
26.8
85.0
96.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
23
24
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
37
37
41
37
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
84
91
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
57
154
275
463
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
2,099
5,074
4,951
3,462
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
41,363
164,130
66,735
5,056
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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