Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.98
1.28
1.72
2.38
Population growth (annual %)
2.7
2.6
3.4
2.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
267.7
267.7
267.7
267.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
3.8
5.0
6.7
9.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.58
3.80
12.76
16.63
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
4,650
2,980
7,420
7,000
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
10.62
14.55
20.94
41.42
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
10,790
11,400
12,170
17,430
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
61
62
65
67
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.5
4.5
4.2
3.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
157
132
117
95
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
33
31
25
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
83
89
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
85
74
54
35
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
9.0
6.4
5.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
76
55
62
64
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
62
69
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
138.2
129.6
129.8
100.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
35
49
..
70
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.3
4.7
4.3
3.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
237.6
237.0
236.5
235.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
12.0
25.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.9
3.7
4.0
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,201
1,153
2,957
2,101
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
887
847
897
1,011
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5.95
5.08
14.37
19.44
GDP growth (annual %)
5.2
-1.9
7.1
1.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
15.4
28.1
16.6
20.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
7
6
4
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
43
56
55
50
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
46
69
58
61
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
33
31
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
22
30
17
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
29.8
15.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
1.7
-1.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
14.1
9.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
1.7
1.9
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
9.4
93.6
132.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.2
13.0
68.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
25
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
52
70
81
60
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
109
70
124
116
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,983
3,930
2,915
7,834
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
6.4
10.0
4.8
15.4
Net migration (thousands)
1
3
17
2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
6
38
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
73
278
524
1,529
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
131.2
11.8
104.0
99.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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