Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
58.26
60.92
65.03
67.84
Population growth (annual %)
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
549.1
549.1
549.1
606.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
108.1
113.0
120.7
125.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
15.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1,192.37
1,519.86
2,863.51
3,005.63
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
20,470
24,950
44,040
44,300
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1,022.18
1,610.71
2,392.19
3,674.36
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,540
26,440
36,790
54,160
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
82
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
13
12
11
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
81
..
78
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
98
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
5
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
71
84
89
94
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
93
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
100.4
102.8
102.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
106
106
105
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
144.4
152.9
164.2
173.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
23.5
36.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
18.8
16.3
14.3
12.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,840
4,130
4,040
3,470
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,966
7,224
7,738
6,951
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1,257.65
1,360.96
2,646.23
2,966.43
GDP growth (annual %)
2.8
4.1
2.0
6.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.7
1.4
1.1
1.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
2
2
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
24
21
18
16
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
22
30
28
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
28
29
33
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
22
21
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
38.5
43.4
43.3
43.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-1.4
-1.4
-7.0
-6.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
18.9
23.5
22.0
24.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.8
2.1
2.0
1.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
48.8
91.1
114.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.1
14.3
77.3
86.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
26
22
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
49
43
44
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
110
102
98
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
43
172
53
131
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
4,035
8,870
19,898
32,647
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
13,183
41,389
38,889
98,013
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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