Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.99
5.18
5.36
5.54
Population growth (annual %)
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
338.2
338.2
338.4
338.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
16.4
17.0
17.6
18.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
11.0
13.7
12.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
129.54
137.02
266.81
292.59
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
25,980
26,470
49,750
52,810
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
88.85
137.77
211.61
319.77
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,820
26,620
39,460
57,710
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
10.7
9.6
9.2
9.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
77
80
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
12
10
8
4
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
77
79
74
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
7
4
3
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
97
96
98
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
99
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
99.7
99.7
99.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
128
109
143
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
218.8
224.5
222.4
224.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
13.9
13.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.2
2.7
4.5
2.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
5,692
6,257
6,813
5,997
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
12,486
15,305
16,485
15,647
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
141.45
125.97
249.43
294.22
GDP growth (annual %)
0.7
5.8
3.2
2.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.2
1.6
0.3
2.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
5
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
32
26
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
22
42
38
40
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
33
37
40
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
24
23
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
29.6
40.1
35.3
37.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1.0
6.7
-2.4
-2.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
24.4
24.3
18.6
20.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.6
1.2
1.5
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
5.2
72.0
156.4
129.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.4
37.2
86.9
92.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
13
10
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
38
64
55
57
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
99
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
9
2
14
22
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
63
473
1,006
667
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
812
13,502
12,221
23,579
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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