Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
47.61
67.41
90.54
122.14
Population growth (annual %)
3.7
3.1
2.8
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,221.9
1,104.3
1,136.2
1,136.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
53.7
67.4
80.2
108.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
44.2
29.6
33.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
65.9
37.4
38.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
12.60
8.42
33.25
113.58
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
260
120
370
930
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
19.75
31.71
89.82
314.52
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
410
470
990
2,580
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
9.1
8.0
8.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
45
51
60
65
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.2
6.7
5.3
4.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
177
148
104
72
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
5
8
29
36
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
6
10
50
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
202
140
83
50
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
41.9
41.8
29.2
21.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
38
28
64
60
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
23
22
56
61
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
35.7
52.2
88.5
101.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
14
14
33
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
2.2
2.7
1.4
0.8
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
190.4
185.3
178.0
170.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
18.5
17.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
4.6
7.4
8.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.6
4.3
5.2
4.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
368
364
368
374
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
23
22
43
84
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
12.48
8.24
29.93
111.26
GDP growth (annual %)
2.7
6.1
12.6
5.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.3
6.8
1.4
21.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
48
45
41
38
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
9
11
9
22
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
17
8
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
32
17
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
0
0
0
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.0
11.8
10.8
6.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-6.4
-4.2
-2.7
-2.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
38.2
48.6
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
8.4
8.1
8.2
5.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
9.7
7.6
1.2
0.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
7.6
52.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.8
16.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
5
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
11
21
37
18
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
89
71
98
103
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
8,645
5,516
7,287
32,000
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
39.0
13.7
3.9
21.2
Net migration (thousands)
296
-50
80
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
5
53
436
448
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
135
288
4,259
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,009.3
687.8
2,769.0
4,072.2
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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